Immich Stack

Self-hosted photo and video management solution with facial recognition, object detection, and smart search - running natively on FreeBSD.

What is Immich?

Immich is a high-performance, self-hosted alternative to Google Photos. It provides automatic backup from mobile devices, facial recognition, object detection, location-based browsing, and a modern web interface. The Daemonless stack runs entirely on native FreeBSD - no Linux emulation required.

Architecture

The Immich stack consists of four containers:

Service	Image	Description
Server	`ghcr.io/daemonless/immich-server`	Main application server (Node.js) - Web UI and API
Machine Learning	`ghcr.io/daemonless/immich-ml`	Python/ONNX service for facial recognition and smart search
PostgreSQL	`ghcr.io/daemonless/immich-postgres`	Database with pgvector extension for ML embeddings
Redis	`ghcr.io/daemonless/redis`	Cache and job queue

PostgreSQL Version

immich-postgres:latest and :14 are both PostgreSQL 14 — the current default, matching upstream Immich. New installs can use :18 (PostgreSQL 18). Upgrading an existing database requires a full dump/restore. Upstream Immich is working on a migration path; we'll update these docs when that lands.

flowchart TD
    Client[Mobile / Web Client]
    Client -->|:2283| Server

    subgraph stack [Immich Stack]
        Server[immich-server<br/>Web UI + API]
        Server -->|:3003| ML[immich-ml<br/>Python/ONNX]
        Server -->|:5432| DB[immich-postgres<br/>pgvector]
        Server -->|:6379| Redis[redis<br/>cache]
    end

    click Server "immich-server.md" "immich-server"
    click ML "immich-ml.md" "immich-ml"
    click DB "immich-postgres.md" "immich-postgres"
    click Redis "redis.md" "redis"

Prerequisites

Before deploying, ensure your host environment is ready. See the Quick Start Guide for host setup instructions.

Requirements:

FreeBSD 15.0 with Podman and ocijail
podman-compose
At least 4GB RAM (ML service is memory-intensive)
Storage for photos (plan for growth)

Deploy

Podman Compose AppJail Director

Requires a patched ocijail

Immich needs allow.mlock and allow.sysvipc jail parameters. See the ocijail patch guide before deploying.

1. Save as .env:

# The location where your uploaded files are stored
UPLOAD_LOCATION=./library

# The location where your database files are stored
DB_DATA_LOCATION=./postgres

# To set a timezone, uncomment and change Etc/UTC to a TZ identifier
# TZ=Etc/UTC

# Change to a random password (A-Za-z0-9 only)
DB_PASSWORD=postgres

# The values below do not need to be changed
###################################################################################
DB_USERNAME=postgres
DB_DATABASE_NAME=immich

2. Save as compose.yaml:

name: immich

services:
  immich-server:
    container_name: immich_server
    image: ghcr.io/daemonless/immich-server:latest
    network_mode: host
    volumes:
      - ${UPLOAD_LOCATION}:/data
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
    environment:
      DB_HOSTNAME: localhost
      REDIS_HOSTNAME: localhost
      IMMICH_MACHINE_LEARNING_URL: http://localhost:3003
    env_file:
      - .env
    depends_on:
      - redis
      - database
      - immich-machine-learning
    restart: always

  immich-machine-learning:
    container_name: immich_machine_learning
    image: ghcr.io/daemonless/immich-ml:latest
    network_mode: host
    environment:
      HF_HOME: /cache/huggingface  # ML models are cached here
      MPLCONFIGDIR: /tmp
    volumes:
      - model-cache:/cache
    env_file:
      - .env
    restart: always

  redis:
    container_name: immich_redis
    image: ghcr.io/daemonless/redis:latest
    network_mode: host
    volumes:
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
      - redis-data:/config
    restart: always

  database:
    container_name: immich_postgres
    image: ghcr.io/daemonless/immich-postgres:14  # New installs can use :18
    network_mode: host
    annotations:
      org.freebsd.jail.allow.sysvipc: "true"
    environment:
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
      POSTGRES_USER: ${DB_USERNAME}
      POSTGRES_DB: ${DB_DATABASE_NAME}
    volumes:
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
      - ${DB_DATA_LOCATION}:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    restart: always

volumes:
  model-cache:
  redis-data:

3. Deploy:

mkdir -p library postgres
chown -R 1000:1000 library postgres
podman-compose up -d

.env:

UPLOAD_LOCATION=/var/appjail-volumes/immich/library
DB_DATA_LOCATION=/var/appjail-volumes/immich/postgres
CACHE_LOCATION=/var/appjail-volumes/immich/cache
REDIS_DATA_LOCATION=/var/appjail-volumes/immich/redis
TZ=America/Caracas
DB_PASSWORD=postgres
DB_USERNAME=postgres
DB_DATABASE_NAME=immich
DIRECTOR_PROJECT=immich

appjail-director.yml:

options:
  # Equivalent to 'network_mode: host'
  - alias:
  - ip4_inherit:
services:
  immich-server:
    name: immich_server
    priority: 100
    options:
      - from: ghcr.io/daemonless/immich-server:latest
    volumes:
      - immich-data: /data
    oci:
      environment:
        - DB_HOSTNAME: 127.0.0.1
        - REDIS_HOSTNAME: 127.0.0.1
        - IMMICH_MACHINE_LEARNING_URL: http://127.0.0.1:3003
        - TZ: !ENV '${TZ}'
  immich-machine-learning:
    name: immich_machine_learning
    options:
      - from: ghcr.io/daemonless/immich-ml:latest
    oci:
      environment:
        - HF_HOME: /cache/huggingface
        - MPLCONFIGDIR: /tmp
        - TZ: !ENV '${TZ}'
    volumes:
      - model-cache: /cache
  redis:
    name: immich_redis
    options:
      - from: ghcr.io/daemonless/redis:latest
    oci:
      environment:
        - LANG: C.UTF-8
        - TZ: !ENV '${TZ}'
    volumes:
      - redis-data: /config
  database:
    name: immich_postgres
    options:
      - from: ghcr.io/daemonless/immich-postgres:latest
      - template: !ENV '${PWD}/immich-postgres-template.conf'
    oci:
      environment:
        - POSTGRES_PASSWORD: !ENV '${DB_PASSWORD}'
        - POSTGRES_USER: !ENV '${DB_USERNAME}'
        - POSTGRES_DB: !ENV '${DB_DATABASE_NAME}'
    volumes:
      - db-data: /var/lib/postgresql/data
volumes:
  immich-data:
    device: !ENV '${UPLOAD_LOCATION}'
    owner: 1000
    group: 1000
  model-cache:
    device: !ENV '${CACHE_LOCATION}'
  redis-data:
    device: !ENV '${REDIS_DATA_LOCATION}'
  db-data:
    device: !ENV '${DB_DATA_LOCATION}'

immich-postgres-template.conf:

exec.start: "/bin/sh /etc/rc"
exec.stop: "/bin/sh /etc/rc.shutdown jail"
sysvmsg: new
sysvsem: new
sysvshm: new
mount.devfs
persist

Makejail:

OPTION container=boot args:--pull
OPTION overwrite=force

Access Immich at: http://your-host:2283

Environment Variables

Variable	Default	Description
`UPLOAD_LOCATION`	`/containers/immich/library`	Path to store uploaded photos and videos
`DB_DATA_LOCATION`	`/containers/immich/postgres`	Path to store PostgreSQL database files
`DB_PASSWORD`	`postgres`	PostgreSQL password (change this!)
`DB_USERNAME`	`postgres`	PostgreSQL username
`DB_DATABASE_NAME`	`immich`	PostgreSQL database name
`TZ`	System default	Timezone (e.g., `America/Los_Angeles`)

Ports

Port	Service	Description
`2283`	immich-server	Web UI and API
`3003`	immich-ml	Machine Learning API (internal)
`5432`	immich-postgres	PostgreSQL (internal)
`6379`	redis	Redis cache (internal)

Network Mode

The stack uses network_mode: host for simplicity on FreeBSD. All services communicate via localhost. Only port 2283 needs to be exposed externally.

FreeBSD-Specific Notes

PostgreSQL Shared Memory

PostgreSQL requires System V IPC for shared memory. The compose file includes:

annotations:
  org.freebsd.jail.allow.sysvipc: "true"

This annotation is processed by ocijail to allow the jail access to shared memory.

Machine Learning Performance

The immich-ml container uses:

Native FreeBSD onnxruntime - Custom-built wheel with FreeBSD support
CPU inference - GPU acceleration not currently supported on FreeBSD
HuggingFace models - Downloaded on first run (~1GB cache)

First startup may be slow as ML models are downloaded. Subsequent starts are fast.

Management

View Logs

# All services
podman-compose logs -f

# Specific service
podman logs -f immich_server
podman logs -f immich_machine_learning

Restart Stack

podman-compose restart

Stop Stack

podman-compose down

Update Images

podman-compose pull
podman-compose up -d

Component Documentation

For detailed configuration of individual services:

Component	Documentation
Server	immich-server
Machine Learning	immich-ml
PostgreSQL	immich-postgres
Redis	redis

Troubleshooting

ML service keeps restarting

Check memory - the ML service needs at least 2GB RAM:

podman logs immich_machine_learning

If you see OOM errors, increase available memory or disable ML features in Immich settings.

Database connection errors

Ensure PostgreSQL has started and the sysvipc annotation is working:

podman logs immich_postgres

The database needs a few seconds to initialize on first run.

Photos not uploading from mobile

Ensure port 2283 is accessible from your network. Check firewall rules:

# PF firewall
pass in on egress proto tcp to port 2283

Facial recognition not working

The ML service downloads models on first use. Check if models are cached:

podman exec immich_machine_learning ls -la /cache/huggingface

Implementation Details

Platform: Native FreeBSD 15.0 (no Linux emulation)
Runtime: ocijail (FreeBSD jails as OCI containers)
ML Backend: onnxruntime with custom FreeBSD wheel
Database: PostgreSQL 14 with pgvector extension
Process Manager: s6-overlay

Immich Website Immich Docs Source Code